Which field focuses on the sequence and relative positions of rock layers?

• A. Petrology
• B. Geochronology
• C. Stratigraphy
• D. Paleontology

Answer: (C)

The sequence and relative positions of rock layers are studied in stratigraphy. This field focuses on the order in which layers were deposited and how they sit with respect to one another, using principles like superposition (younger layers accumulate on top of older ones), original horizontality, lateral continuity, and fossil succession to interpret the history recorded in the rocks and to match layers across different locations.

Petrology deals with rock types and mineral composition, seeking to understand how rocks form and their physical properties. Geochronology is about dating rocks in years, often through isotopic methods to establish absolute ages. Paleontology examines fossils and the evolution of life through time. Because this question centers on how rock layers are arranged and related in time, stratigraphy is the best fit.